European Psychiatry - Volume 41 - April 2017

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25th European Congress of Psychiatry / European Psychiatry 41S (2017) S847–S910 S905
EV1524
Sex differences in experimental
studies of depression: How can
clinical research benefit?
N. Kokras∗, C. Dalla
National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of
Pharmacology, Medical School, Athens, Greece
∗ Corresponding author.
Introduction Sex differences in depression and antidepressant
response in humans are modestly studied and results are contro-
versial. Experimental studies using animal models may provide
insights that could be useful in clinical trials.
Objectives The objective is to summarize findings from preclin-
ical studies on sex differences and suggest how such preclinical
research might be of use in clinical research.
Aims Specifically it is aimed to summarize evidence for both
sexes in relation to the phenotype of depression, its endophenotype
and the antidepressant response.
Methods A selection of experimental studies on sex differences in
stress and antidepressant response was performed and their find-
ings were linked to potential confounders or methodological issues
that might obscure the results of clinical trials.
Results In preclinical studies, behavioral indices and models are
adjusted for both sexes, in order to properly identify sex differ-
ences in primary outcomes. This is not routinely happening in
clinical studies when using depression rating scales, which is the
analogue of behavioral indices. Moreover, preclinical studies show
sex differences at the baseline behavioral response and under-
lying mechanisms that often converge following antidepressant
treatment. This is also a neglected issue in human studies. Finally,
preclinical research suggests that when researching on potential
biomarkers for depression and antidepressant response sex should
be an important factor to consider.
Conclusions Cautious exploitation of findings on sex differences
from preclinical research could improve the design and quality
of clinical studies for disease biomarkers and novel antidepres-
sants and facilitate the drug development in a gender aware
manner.
Disclosure of interest NK has received honoraria and travel sup-
port from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Sanofi-Aventis, Medochemie
Generics and Elpen S.A. CD has received honoraria from Janssen-
Cilag and travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim. None of those
is relevant to this study.
EV1525
The psychological effects of abuse and
battering on wives and partners: Case
study in the Philippines
S.F. Lu
University of the Philippines Manila, Department of Social Sciences,
Manila, Philippines
Introduction In the country, the most prevalent form of violence
against women is physical abuse/maltreatment or wife/partner
battering based on both records of the Philippine national police,
and the women in especially difficult circumstances.
Objectives This study looked into the psychological effects of
abuse and battering on wives-partners.
Aims This paper will also give a description on how battered
wives acquire a learned helplessness behavior due to uncontrol-
lable events or situations.
Methods The methods used were structured interview method
and case method, and interview with a psychiatrist in the hospital
where the three cases had consultations.
Results Wife battering refers to violent acts such as psychologi-
cal, sexual or physical assault by an assailant against his partner
with the intent of controlling by inducing fear and pain. It is a
common incident being violated under RA 9262. Three cases were
studied. One was stabbed 12 times by her live in “matador” part-
ner who works in a slaughter house. The second case was about a
partner who was forced to do sexual favors for her husband that
were animalistic and perverted. On the third case, while married,
she noticed that themanwas also sexually perverted. He also raped
their daughter.
Conclusion All three cases also manifested depression in various
forms with varying symptoms. Case A was diagnosed with post-
traumatic stress disorder (evaluation made by the psychiatrist).
Case Amanifested symptoms of depression, panic of being attacked
again by assailant who is at large.
Keywords Abuse; Battering; Wives and partners; Depression;
Psychological effect
Disclosure of interest The author has not supplied his/her decla-
ration of competing interest.
EV1526
Gender differences in external factors
affecting psychiatric visits in a Greek
hospital
G. Lyrakos ∗, E. Kornarou , D. Menti , V. Spinaris ,
I. Spyropoulos
1 General Hospital Nikaia “Ag. Panteleimon”, Psychiatric, Nikaia,
Greece
2 National School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Athens, Greece
∗ Corresponding author.
Introduction According to previous literature, there are impor-
tant differences, based on gender, on the external factors that affect
psychiatric visits of individuals. Females are, in general, more likely
to report being affected by family and emotional issues whilst men
are less likely to do so.
Objectives To examine gender differences in external factors
affecting psychiatric visits.
Aims To investigate whether females report different external
factors, which impact on the decision to visit a psychiatrist, com-
pared to males.
Methods In this study, there were 1205 participants, out of them
685weremales (56.8%) and 520 females (43.2%). Themean age was
45.54. Convenience sampling method was used and participants
were recruited from the general hospital of Nikaia, “Ag. Pantelei-
mon”, in Athens, Greece, from 01/01/2012 to 31/12/2015. The data
were analysed through the SPSS software.
Results There were significant gender differences in exter-
nal factors reported for psychiatric visits, as Chi2 (8): 185.608,
P < 0.001. More specifically, more women reported being affected
by family problems (5.5%) compared to men (2.6%). Addition-
ally, more females reported being affected by emotional issues
(7%) compared to men (5.6%) and psychological issues were more
important for women (13.9%) compared to men (7.5%), as well.
However, more men reported addictions as the external fac-
tors impacting on psychiatric visits (23.1%) compared to women
(6.6%).
Conclusions There are significant differences in the external fac-
tors affecting psychiatric visits between men and women. Further
investigating such differences could help us better understand the
reasons affecting the individuals’ decision to seek psychiatric help.
Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their decla-
ration of competing interest.